介绍

django的自定义用户和自定义用户验证是常用操作，但是新手很容易搞迷糊
本文整理一下

自定义用户

# 先定义用户model
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):  
    nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"昵称", default="")  
    birday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日", null=True, blank=True)  
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(("male",u"男"),("female","女")), default="female", verbose_name="性别")  
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default=u"",null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="地址")  
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="image/%Y/%m",default=u"image/default.png", max_length=100)  
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True,verbose_name="电话")  
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="邮箱")  
  
    class Meta:  
        verbose_name = "用户信息"  
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name  
  
    def __unicode__(self):  
        return self.username  
  
    def __str__(self):  
        return self.username

#setting中配置
AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile"

# 要使用User对象的时候
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()

if User.objects.filter(email=email).exists():  
    raise serializers.ValidationError("该邮箱已经注册。")

自定义用户验证

# 默认用户验证是使用username，这里改为username和email都可以
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()
class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):  
    """  
    自定义用户验证  
    """    def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):  
        try:  
            user = User.objects.get(Q(username=username) | Q(email=username))  
            if user.check_password(password):  
                return user  
        except User.DoesNotExist:  
            logger.warning(f'User does not exist: {username}')  
            return None  
        except Exception as e:  
            logger.error(f'Error during authentication: {e}')  
            return None

# setting中配置
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (  
    'users.views.CustomBackend',  
)

# 使用的时候
# 验证用户名和密码  
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)  
if user is None or not user.is_active:  
    raise serializers.ValidationError("用户名或密码错误")  
  
attrs['user'] = user  
return attrs